| First Description: |
P. officinalis (Linné, 1753) |
| Synonyms: |
P. officinalis var. feminea (Linné, 1753)
P. foemina (Garsault, 1764)
P. peregrina var. cretica (Huth, 1891)
P. foeminea (Miller, 1768)
P. hirsuta (Miller, 1768)
P. nemoralis (Salisbury, 1796)
P. feminea (Desfontaines, 1804)
P. officinalis var. hirsuta (Martyn, 1807)
P. paradoxa var. fimbriata (Sabine, 1817)
P. paradoxa (Anderson, 1818)
P. mollis (Anderson, 1818)
P. pubens (Sims, 1821)
P. sessiliflora (Sims, 1826)
P. villosa (?, 1827)
P. festiva (Tausch, 1828)
P. promiscua (Tausch, 1828)
P. commutata (Wenderoth, 1829)
P. rosea (Host, 1831)
P. porrigens (Reichenbach, 1832)
P. baxteri (Sabine ex Salm-Dyck, 1834)
P. elegans (Sabine ex Salm-Dyck, 1834)
P. lanceolata (Salm-Dyck, 1834)
P. subternata (Salm-Dyck, 1834)
P. lobata (Reichenbach, 1840)
P. barrii (Lynch, 1890)
P. peregrina f. paradoxa (Rouy & Foucaud, 1893)
P. officinalis subsp. euofficinalis var. feminea (Fiori, 1898)
P. officinalis subsp. euofficinalis var. paradoxa (1898) |
|
| Plant: |
Ploidy: |
2n=20 |
|
Growth Type: |
herbaceous / perennial |
|
Height: |
25-80cm |
|
Roots: |
tuberous-thickened; caudex short, less than 10cm long |
|
others: |
stems mostly hirsute, green or purple-red, 25-80cm tall |
|
|
|
| Leaves: |
# segmentation: |
11-130 |
|
others: |
lower leaves biternate; leaflets 9, usually segmented;
leaflets plus leaf segmetns 11-130;
linear-elliptic to elliptic, or oblanceolate, cuneate at the base, acuminate or acute at the apex, lobed or entire,
3-12cm long, 1-4.5cm wide, glabrous above, villose, rarely glabrous beneath |
|
|
|
| Flowers: |
Season: |
|
|
# flowers/stem: |
solitary, terminal |
|
Bracts: |
involucrate bracts 1-2, leaf-like |
|
Sepals: |
3-5, deltoid-orbicular to orbicular, mostly rounded at the apex, hispidulous or glabrous on the abaxial side |
|
Petals: |
5-8, pale violet-red or purple-red |
|
Flower Colour: |
pale violet-red or purple-red |
|
Filaments: |
purple |
|
Anthers: |
yellow |
|
Disk: |
up to 1mm high, flat or waved, red |
|
others: |
|
|
|
|
| Fruit: |
Season: |
|
|
# of Carpells: |
1-5, but mostly 2 or 3 |
|
Carpell: |
tomentose or glabrous, hairs 1.5-2mm long, yellow, brown or pink |
|
Style / Stigma: |
stigmas sessile, red, ca. 1.5mm wide |
|
Follicles / Ovary / Ovules: |
follicles long-ovoid when young |
|
Seeds: |
|
|
|
|
| Habitat: |
Location: |
|
|
Soil: |
|
|
Geogr. Distr.: |
widely distributes from the Iberian Peninsula to the Balkans via France, Italy and Switzerland |
|
Countries: |
Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Albania |
|
|
|
| Common Names: |
|
common garden peony
common peony
European common peony
European peony
Pentecost rose
king's flower
German vinegar rose
scarlet mallow
St. George's flower |
|